Diabetes The Most Common Diseases Of Mankind Essay

Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects the body’s capability to produce or respond to the hormone called insulin. With this happening it causes irregular metabolism of carbohydrates and raise the body’s glucose levels in the urine and the blood. Although diabetes is very disturbing it is also preventable. Diabetes is one of the greatest common diseases of mankind. A lot of people believe that having this disease is ordinary, or even curable. Although it is not perceived to be terminal and contagious such as other feared diseases, diabetes can cause a number of disadvantages if it is not properly managed well. There are a few types of diabetes however the most common types are broken down into type 1 and type 2. Both types of diabetes affect the glucose level and in any situation if left untreated or not managed will cause major difficulties. Type 1 is typically called juvenile diabetes in which the body totally stops creating insulin. Insulin is a key factor as it is a hormone that allows the body to use glucose located in foods for energy. Individuals with type 1 diabetes are required to take insulin in the form of shots to live. Most individuals who are diagnosed with this type of diabetes are typically children however, adults can get it is as well. Type 2 diabetes is found typically in adults who is over the age of 40, overweight, and have a family history of diabetes, although today it is increasingly occurring in younger people, particularly adolescents. This formShow MoreRelatedDr. Sharon Moalem And Jonathan Prince1264 Words   |  6 PagesDiseases have been categorized as under a derogatory and lamentable category. However, Dr.Sharon Moalem and Jonathan Prince approach diseases from a different view in their scientific book Survival of the Sickest . 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Next, the paper will discuss the sources used, how the data was locatedRead MoreSurvival Of The Sickest By Sharon Moalem1806 Words   |  8 PagesMaverick† Dr. Moalem makes in-depth analyses of current human diseases that, ironically, may have led to the survival of mankind in the past. He presents a novel concept that greatly contradicts what have been universally accepted beliefs surrounding biology and the process of human evolution for a long time. With the use of myriad scientific studies and research, he formulates surprising theories about a positive correlation be tween disease and humanity. Moalem narrates the scientific world’s findingsRead MoreTuberculosis And The World Health Organization1368 Words   |  6 Pagescurrently has the most cases of TB in the world (World Health Organization, 2009). There are a few types of TB such as common, partial drug resistant and drug resistant. The disease that will be focused on today is common tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is as old as mankind. It was first officially recognised by Hippocrates who described the symptoms of the disease as coughing up blood and weight loss that eventually led to death. In the 16th century a theory was proposed that the disease was transmittedRead MoreHealth Care Promotion And Delivery And Research Essay1239 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction Among the numerous mankind diseases some of them are Cancer Diabetes , Cardiovascular disease, are life threatening disease and whole world suffer of this. As we know that diagnosis is very important part of Treatment without it further treatment can not be possible sometimes diagnosis take very long time so this time consuming procedure we must be avoided in ordrer to take care of patient. The present scenario, the demand in the medical diagnostics has grown for the simple and

Jacksonville Shipyards - 701 Words

Jacksonville Shipyards Callie Alloway OMM640: Business Ethics and Social Responsibility Frank Czarny 7 January 2013 1. Although the behavior of Robinsons male coworkers is morally objectionable, should management attempt to prevent it? Do you accept the claim that the workers have a right to post pictures in the workplace? Is this a personal problem that workers should handle among themselves? JSI’s Equal Employment Opportunity policy states, â€Å"†¦we should all be sensitive to the kind of conduct which is personally offensive to others. Abusing the dignity of anyone through ethnic, sexist, or racist slurs, suggestive remarks, physical advances or intimidation, sexual or otherwise, is not the kind of conduct that can be†¦show more content†¦Is the posting of the sign morally (and legally) objectionable? Hint: what was the trailer used for? Yes that sign is morally and legally objectionable. It is morally and legally objectionable because Ms. Robinson had to go into that trailer to check on paperwork. It was not a break room, cafeteria, or a place where she did not have to go to get work done, it was a place that she had to go and it was a part of her job. Boatright, J. (2009). Ethics and the conduct of business (6th ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ.: PrenticeShow MoreRelatedEssay on Jacksonville Shipyards1350 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: Case 8.1 Jacksonville Shipyards Jacksonville Shipyards Ketty Taboada Strayer University Business Ethics-BUS290 February 24, 2008 Abstract Sexual misconduct in the workplace has been a problem for women and in recent year’s men as well. Unfortunately, in the past this topic was overlooked until the case of Meritor Savings v. Vinson. We will establish the criteria for determining when unwelcome conduct of sexual nature constitutes harassment according to Title VII. AdditionallyRead MoreSexual Harassment Essay935 Words   |  4 Pages Sexual Harassment discrimination is illegal. It is the employer obligation to make sure their organization and employees have protection from discrimination. This paper will show that Jacksonville shipyard acted unethically by failing to protect one of their employees Lois Robinson. Jacksonville Shipyard was well aware that Ms. Robinson faced sexual harassment on a daily basis by her male co- workers. Once Lois complained to Management that she objected to the co-workers behaviors , insteadRead MoreBusiness Ethics and Social Responsibility665 Words   |  3 Pagespolicy effec tively to the supervisors of the shipyard (sexual harassment). In addition, they did not follow through on the procedures for reporting violations. The behavior of Lois Robinson’s co-workers is not acceptable. The behavior is not acceptable because it is an act of discrimination and sexual harassment. The sexually explicit pictures, the sexually suggestive and humiliating comments of her male co-workers. Since the Jacksonville Shipyard was a business that operated with male andRead MoreThe History of Naming U.S Navy Ships1431 Words   |  6 Pages(Group seeks to bring ex-USS Charles F. Adams to Jacksonville). The USS Charles F. Adams was decommissioned August 1st, 1990 from her homeport of Mayport, Florida and retired to the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard Inactive Ship’s Facility to wait for final disposition (History of the USS Charles F. Adams). However, the Charles F. Adams is now becoming a ship museum down in Jacksonville Florida thanks to Adams Class Veterans Association and the Jacksonville Historic Naval Ship Association. Now let’s moveRead MoreSexual Harassment in the Workplace4732 Words   |  19 Pagesspeaking out. Displaying a pornographic picture at your workstations is also considered sexual harassment. In the first Robinson v. Jacksonville Shipyards case in January 1991, the Sixth U.S Circuit Court of Appeals in Florida ruled that a nude pinup in the workplace was a violation of sexual harassment. In this case, a female shipyard welder accused her employers of posting pictures of nude and partly nude women in common areas of the workplace. The judge ruled that this atmosphereRead MoreSexual Harassment in the Workplace Essay1838 Words   |  8 Pagesaware of all of these activities. The court found this conduct violated Title Vii because it was unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature, even though it did not contain explicit sexual overtones. (Roberts, Mann) (2) In Robinson v. Jacksonville Shipyards, Inc., a shipyard company employed a female welder who was continually subjected to nude and partially nude pictures posted by her male co-workers. The men also referred to the victim as baby, sugar, momma, and dear. In addition, the men wroteRead MoreWeek 6 U Decide Essay examples2218 Words   |  9 Pagesunwelcome conduct of a sexual nature. 2. Robinson v. Jacksonville Shipyards, Inc.: A shipyard company employed a female welder who was continually subjected to partially nude pictures and vulgar remarks made by her male co-workers. These pictures were posted in common areas as well as Ms. Robinson’s tool box. The male coworkers called her names like baby, sugar, momma, and dear. They also wrote explicit graffiti about Ms. Robinson all over the shipyard. Ms. Robinson complained about the harassmentRead More Sexual Harassment in the Workplace Essay1794 Words   |  8 Pagesall of these activities. The court found this conduct violated Title Vii because it was unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature, even though it did not contain ?explicit sexual overtones.? (Roberts Mann, 2006) (2) In Robinson v. Jacksonville Shipyards, Inc., a shipyard company employed a female welder who was continually subjected to nude and partially nude pictures posted by her male co-workers. The men also referred to the victim as ?baby,? ?sugar,? ?momma?, and ?dear.? In addition, the menRead MoreSilver Ships Case Study Essay6823 Words   |  28 Pages Silver Ships’ Strategy in the Military and Workboat Industry CASE 14 David L. Turnipseed University of South Alabama s Mike McCarty walked through the Silver Ships shipyard monitoring the production of several aluminum hull boats in various stages of production, he began to think â€Å"What now?† He had seen his shipyard grow from a boatbuilding operation in the garage of his home in 1985 to a large, state-of-the-art company manufacturing 26- to 60-foot aluminumhull boats in 2010. During its

Music Should Not Be Censored Essay Example Example For Students

Music Should Not Be Censored Essay Example Music should not be censored. I understand where all of you people say, Vote yes for censorship. But, not everything is in your power. Yes, some music promotes violence, gangs, etc. Yes, some rappers and singers dont care about what the youth hear. They use music as a way to express how they feel. Censorship isnt really helping anyone. It is actually shielding children from reality, thus making them weak. If we are not exposed to the so called derogatory and provocative lyrics and music videos, then we are not prepared for what happens in the real world. You cannot rooter your children from everything in the world so why not prepare them for it? Censorship in music is not protecting your children but instead, hurting them in the long run. If you want to protect them, prepare them, dont shield them. Also, censorship in music is really hurting the artists. They choose to be expressive in their music and in their lyrics, and censorship doesnt allow them to do that. You choose to express yourself in whatever way you like, so let them do the same. If you do believe that censorship is the solution, then ask yourself this question. Wouldnt it make more sense that being exposed to uncensored music makes us prepared for reality? And, isnt it better to allow people to express themselves in their own Way? In conclusion, the idea of censoring is repressive. Society moves forward thanks to controversial ideas. The true solution to it all is to teach the media literacy. This means that the children listening to certain types of music understand what they are hearing. By teaching your children and teens these skills they wouldnt need protection from parents, and no censoring in music. Music Should Not Be Censored By monomaniacs

Patient Education Plan for Uterine Fibroids free essay sample

Plan for Uterine Fibroids Uterine fibroids are muscular tumors that grow in the wall of the uterus (womb). Another medical term for uterine fibroids is leiomyoma (leye-oh-meye-OH-muh) or just myoma. Fibroids are almost always benign or non cancerous. Fibroids can grow as a single tumor, or there can be many of them in the uterus. They can be as small as an apple seed or as big as a grapefruit. In unusual cases they can become very large. The factors that increase a woman’s chances of developing fibroids are: age, fibroids are most common in women in their 40s and 50s, family history, women with a family history of fibroids are more likely to have them, ethnic background, African American women are more likely to develop fibroids than other ethnic groups, obesity plays a role in the development of fibroids, for heavy women the risk of having fibroids is two to three time great than average and eating habits also affect the development of uterine fibroids, eating red meat and ham is linked to fibroids (U. We will write a custom essay sample on Patient Education Plan for Uterine Fibroids or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page S. Department of Health and Human Services,  2008). Three out of four women will have uterine fibroids. Most women with uterine fibroids are unaware of having them, because they have no symptoms. Women who do have symptoms are bothered by, pain, frequent urination, heavy menstrual bleeding, constipation, prolonged menstrual periods, trouble emptying the bladder, backache and pain in the legs and pain during sex (MayoClinic. com, 2009). The treatment for uterine fibroids depends on the size of the tumors, the number of tumors, and whether or not there are complications associated with the tumors. Ethel C, 47 y/o African American female presented to her gynecologist with complaints of severe abdominal pain several days prior to and during menstrual period, heavy menstrual periods, break through bleeding between her menstrual cycle, nausea and occasional vomiting, the patient complained of backaches, and pain in her hips. The patient is overweight and has a large abdomen, she complains of having a full feeling sometimes. Ethel C. has a family history of uterine fibroids that includes her mother, sister and aunts. The patient has one teenage child. She has had five abortions for various reasons, none related to the uterine fibroids. She is a non-smoker and drinks socially once in a while. Her medical history also includes three surgeries, tonsillectomy, ligament repair to the left ankle and surgery to the left shoulder to remove adhesions, shoulder injury is related to a fall. The patient has a history of chronic bronchitis. The patient complains of fatigue and being cold all the time. When questioned regarding her diet Ethel C. evealed a diet high in carbohydrates and fats. Black women who eat foods high in carbohydrates are more likely to have higher blood sugar and may have a greater risk for uterine fibroids (The U. S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institute of Health,  2010). Ethel C. , states that she has had these symptoms off and on for many years and that over the last two to three years they have become more and more severe. Several diagnostics tests are ordered for the patient. Blood work reveals Ethel C. s anemic which accounts for the fatigue and feelings of coldness and is due to the heavy blood loss. The patient has a pelvic examination and an ultrasound to confirm the presence of fibroids. The result of the patient’s pregnancy test is negative. While assessing Ethel C. for her learning needs there are, some general screening questions should be asked as a part of the general assessment; for example, what does the patient know, how does she perceive her present problems, what skills does she possess and does she have the confidence to use them (Redman, 2007)? When asked these questions, Ethel C. shows competence in her answers. She is knowledgeable about her condition. She has been given her treatment options, which include drug treatment and several surgical treatments. She has a list of questions for her doctor, which includes questions the number, size and location of the fibroids, what treatments does the doctor recommend, are there alternative treatment she could try and are alterations to be with her lifestyle. Ethel C. elongs in the Health Belief Model. Redman (2007) states, â€Å"The health belief model affirms that individuals are not likely to take a health action unless (1) they believe that they are susceptible to the ill health condition in question, (2) they believe that the condition would seriously affect their lives if they should contract it, (3) they believe that the benefits of action outweigh the barriers to action, and (4) they are confident that they can perform the action (self-efficacy). Cues such as an interpersonal crisis or the nature and severity of symptoms trigger action. † From interviewing Ethel and her questions for the gynecologist, she believes she is susceptible to the illness. She knows that the condition is affecting the quality of her life, because of her condition she is very tried and irritable, and this is having a negative affect on her relationship with her family. She has had to take time off from work, usually three to four days due to the pain and heavy bleeding during her menstrual period each month. She has expressed the desire to decide on a course of action to take to treat her condition. Ethel C. does not exhibit any age or developmental issues. She is a visual learner. As an adult the current theory of how she learns is bases on the cognitive practice; the kind of learning most characteristic of the adult phase is transformative learning. With transformative learning the adult goes through a number of changes that transform the individual (Redman, 2007). Redman (2007) stated, â€Å"In cognitive theory, learning is the development of insights or understandings that provide a potential guide for behavior. New insights lead to a reorganization of the individual’s cognitive structure, which is stored internally in visual images and in propositional networks and schemata to organize information. Within this framework, learning makes change in behavior possible, although not necessary. Motivation to take action results from a need to make sense of the world and solve problems. In contrast to behavioral theories that focus on the new behavior to be learned, the cognitive view emphasizes understanding of concepts and theories in the subject matter and general skills and abilities such as reasoning and problem solving. † Teaching is accomplished using tools, both written and audiovisual. Well designed tools have been shown to be effective in creating learning. Written materials are tools used most often. They should be presented in the following manner. †¢ Key messages are easy to find †¢ Stories about people faced with the same issues and their outcomes Step-by-step actions to take †¢ Present information is such a way to that presents information personally relevant to the reader †¢ Provide material sensitive to the culture of those for which it is written, addressing their lifestyle and culture ( Redman,2007) Ethel’s education plan will include both written material and audiovisual aids that explains the different treatment options available to her. It will include diagrams of what her condition may look like. She will be given materials that explain alternative treatments. The material created for the patient will include lifestyle changes that may be beneficial to her treatment, such as changes to her diet. Decision aids will be developed to help her make a decision between the medical options that are available to her. With the educational material designed for Ethel C. and other aids, Ethel C. will be able to make a decision regarding her treatment and lifestyle changes that will be of the most benefit to her regarding her condition and have a positive outcome, improve her relationship with her family and improve her quality of life.

Hektor essays

Hektor essays Hektor, son of Priam and brother of Alexandros, is the greatest warrior of the Trojans. He is the Trojan whom the Achaians fear the most and more so since Zeus assists him in all his exploits. Zeus grants him his arstesia or honor almost thorough out the course of the war until Achilleus returns to avenge Patroklos death While all the Trojans are running inside the gates of Troy to escape the Achaians, Hektor stays back to fight against Achilleus. Though his father and mother beg him to come in and not fight alone he stays out because he feels that hed lose his honor if he went inside (XXII 99 110). But it is interesting to observe that his courage fails him as Achilleus draws near and he runs around Troy trying to escape him but then later turns around to face him. The relation between Hektor and his wife, Andromache, is of a very special type not portrayed in any other relationships in the Iliad. Most mortal women in the Iliad are described as the objects of men with no deep relationship between the male and the female. But between Hektor and Andromache there exists a deep affection. There is strong philos or love between them that is portrayed in book VI 405- 493. Helen also throws light to Hektors kind and loyal character in book XXIV 767-775. His mother, Hekabe, describes him as of all my sons the dearest by far to my spirit (XXIV 748). He was admired by many of the gods including Zeus (XXIV 66-76). Hektor plays a very important part in the Iliad and Homer describes him as a person who commanded a great deal of respect and admiration from his peers as well as the Gods. His death was inevitable since Troy had to fall but he died honorably and like a true soldier fighting Achilleus. ...

Shouldice Hospital Case Report Essays

Shouldice Hospital Case Report Essays Shouldice Hospital Case Report Essay Shouldice Hospital Case Report Essay Subject: Problems and Plans Operational Assessment of the Shouldice Hospital Thank you for the opportunity to consult on your Shouldice Hospital operational assessment. I understand that you have implemented a well developed focus strategy (market focus and internal focus) successfully and Shouldice achieves outstanding results by maximizing the difference between perceived quality and value to the patient on one hand and the cost of supplying services on the other. The nurses and doctors treat their patients with care and understanding and treat them more like family members. This has led to the high level of praise for this hospital and its treatment. The rising number of satisfied patients and word of mouth referral has led to demand for the facilities services which outstrip the facility’s current capacity. I understand that you are looking for guidance on specific actions in order to increase the hospital’s capacity while at the same time maintaining control over the quality of the service delivered, and the hospital management. I have identified the problems and offered a list of alternate courses of action. Problem Definition: The problem is that Shouldice is facing a paradox of change. Shouldice is operating at its â€Å"best operating level† for a service company with limited flexibility in its facility, a specialized work force but are failing to meet all the demand for its chosen market niche. Adding additional capacity to meet the unmet market need may upset the existing work force and lower service quality. Failing to meet the market demand may invite competition that could eventually cause Shouldice to lose market share and end up with excess capacity. Problem Justification: It is assumed that they are operating at the â€Å"best operating level† because the way the case describes how efficiently the hospital is ran and how the patients appear to be pleased with their treatment. Capacity is nearly 100% full if they do 30 operations a day and the patients stay 3-4 days. This would fill up 89 beds for a 5 day work week. They also have 15% (14 hostel rooms) additional capacity for peak times. This also works out to be about 70% capacity of their full time potential of 7 days. 70% of maximum capacity is the best operating point. To increase it rate of service utilization will decrease the service quality. For capacity analysis, refer to Appendix-B. To increase their output and maintain their quality they would need to increase the size of the hospital. This involves large capital investments and considerable time. Construction would also cause a disruption to the quality and country club atmosphere of the hospital. Due to shift restrictions the current operating rooms are completely un-utilized for 2 days of the week as well as 15. 5 hours of each weekday. Kitchen and common area are designed to accommodate one hundred patients and it is important that these facilities be kept up to ensure patients still receive the high level of satisfaction with the experience at Shouldice. The staff also has limited flexibility. Surgeons and surgeons’ assistants are specialized fields that have limited desire to be cross trained. It is assumed that the staff is happy with the existing work schedule and do not want a change. Increasing the days worked would cause more aggressive scheduling of the operating rooms and may make it hard to maintain the same kind of working relationships and attitudes. Alternative Courses of Action: Alternative courses of action are based on the assumption that the reason for their desired expansion is to meet an unmet market demand. i) They could add an additional day by operating on Saturday. ii) They could do nothing different and continue to do as they are currently doing. iii) They can add a new floor (i. e. 45 i. e. 50% more hospital beds). iv) They can meet the unmet market demand with external capacity (establish a new facility). v) They can utilize the current facilities during some of its present idle time. Evaluate alternatives and make decisions: i) Adding an additional operating day on Saturday is a valid consideration. It would utilize ideal hospital capacity. It could increase the number of patients served by 9% or 800 patient a year. Would this be a sufficient number of patients served to keep competition from entering the same market is unknown. Adding a Saturday is also assumed to have a negative impact on the work force that drive down the quality that gives Shouldice a competitive advantage. It would increase rate of service utilization beyond 70%. This could be offset by hiring addition staff. But one should consider the time it takes the new staff to come up the efficiency curve. For capacity analysis and financial details refer to Appendix-C. ii) Doing nothing is a valid consideration. Their existing system and reputation sets them apart as a market leader and it is assumed to be a profitable setup. If it is working do not try to fix it. We assume that the existing set up is acceptable to management as far as profit and other operating measures. The assumed risk is if they do not do anything then competition will enter the market place and could eventually take patients away from Shouldice. There is insufficient data presented to truly analyze this risk. iii) Increasing the number of bed by 50% would not be advisable unless they added more doctors and surgery rooms because the existing plant capacity and number of doctors could not fill an addition 45 beds. They would be operating the surgery rooms at over capacity. The construction requires large capital investment, time, and would disrupt the country club atmosphere. For capacity analysis and financial details refer to Appendix-D. iv) Meeting the unmet market demand with external demand is a valid consideration. It could be done in several different ways. They could look to other facilities that are similar and team with their doctors to train them in the Shouldice processes and share in the profits. This would help keep the competition out of the market and could be done as a silent partner until the service quality reaches a level that Shouldice would want to associate their name with the other facility. Another option would be to establish a new facility for Hernia. Another option would be to subcontract or franchise the operation. For merits and demerits refer to Appendix-E. v) Relieve the operating room bottleneck by utilizing the current facilities during some of its present idle time. Addition of weekend or evening surgeries will increase throughput without any capital investment. Expand the facility’s kitchen and social area’s to accommodate the increased patient throughput and continue to provide a high quality patient experience for its customers. Recommendations: I would recommend a combination of doing nothing with the existing staff and plant as to maintain the country club atmosphere and gregarious nursing staff that gives it its competitive advantage and meet the unmet market demand with external sources of capacity to keep the competition from entering the market. I would be happy to elaborate on my recommendations in future correspondence. Sincerely, An MBA Student Appendix-A Cost comparison – Shouldice vs. Other Hospitals: Cost Items| Shouldice| Other Hospitals| Remarks| Costs of typical operations| $954*| $2000-4000| * Without general anaesthetic| Transportation(round-trip fares for travel to/from Toronto)| $200-600| $200-600 **| **No data available. Considered the same as Shouldice. | Time Lost from work in Hospital| 04 days| 05 days| | Time lost from work while recovering| 05 days| 10 days| | Value of time lost (ranging from $50 to 500 per day)| $450-4500| $750-7500| | Total before Allowancefor recurrence| $1604-6054| $2950-12100| | Probability of Recurrence| 0. 80%| 10. 00%| | Expected Cost of Recurrence| $13-48| $295-1210| | Total cost to patient, employee and insurer| $1,617-6,102| $3,245-13,310| | Profitability of Shouldice Hospital Clinic: Hospital: Items| Shouldice Hospital| Remarks| Revenues per year(4 days X $111/day x 6,850 patients/year)| $3,041,400| Charges for hospital stay = $111/day. Operations per year = 6,850 (in 1982)| Cost per year| $2,800,000| | | | | Profit per year (A)| $241,400| | Clinic: Items| Shouldice Clinic| Remarks| Revenues per year(($450 + 60 + 75 X 0. 20) X6,850)| $3,596,250| Surgical fee=$450/operation. Fee for the assistant surgeon=$60. Fee for a general anaesthetic =$75. Operations per year=6,850 (in 1982)| Cost per year| $2,000,000| | | | | Profit per year (B)| $1,596,250| | Total (Hospital + Clinic) Profit per year (A+B)| $1,837,650| | Total Depreciated Assets = $5 million Return on Asset = $1,837,650/$5 million = 0. 36753 i. e. 37% Appendix-B Current Capacity Analysis Current Throughput: * 6,850 Operations/50 weeks = average 137 operations/week with a peak of 165/week in September. Capacity Analysis: * Examination Rooms: (6 rooms x 3 hrs (1-4 PM) x 5 days x 60 min/hr) / (20 min / exam) = 270 patients /week = 54 patients/day. * Admitting Procedure: (2 people x 4 hrs (1-5 PM) x 5 days/week x 60 min/hr) / (10min/patient) = 240 patients/week = 48 patients/day. * Nursing Station: (2 stations x 4 hrs (1-5 PM) x 5 days/week x 60min/hr)/ (10 min/patient) =240 patients /week = = 48 patients/day. * Operating Rooms: (5 rooms x 8. 5 hrs/room/day x 5 days/week)/ (1. 1 hrs/patient) = 187 patients /week = 37 patients/day. Average operation time = (82% x 45 min + 18% x 90 min) + 15 min file time = 68. 1 min/operation. * Surgeons: 12 surgeons x 3. 5 operations/day x 5 days = 210 patients/week = 42 patients/day. * Hospital rooms: 89 rooms = 147 patients per week (assuming 3. 5 days average stay, 3 days recovery and Monday – Wednesday admittance, No procedures on Saturday or Sunday only recovery and admittance) – 29 patients/day. 103 rooms (incld. 14 hostel rooms) = 161 patients (assuming 3. 5 days average stay, 3 days recovery and Monday – Wednesday admittance, No procedures on Saturday or Sunday only recovery and admittance and use of 14 â€Å"hostel† rooms for two nights each week) – 32 patients/day. Current: Check-in day| Beds Required| | Monday| Tuesday| Wednesday| Thursday| Friday| Saturday| Sunday| Monday| 30| 30| 30| 0| 0| 0| 0|. Tuesday| 0| 29| 29| 29| 0| 0| 0| Wednesday| 0| 0| 29| 29| 29| 0| 0| Thursday| 0| 0| 0| 29| 29| 29| 0| Friday| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| Saturday| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| Sunday| 30| 30| 0| 0| 0| 0| 30| | | | | | | | | Total Number in Hospital| 60| 89| 88| 87| 58| 29| 30| Total number of patients per week| 147| Appendix-C Adding an additional operating day on Saturday Use current 89 beds + 14 hostel rooms. Consider 3. 5 days average stay. Total number of patients per week = 180. Current throughput = 137 operations/week (refer to Appendix-B). Theoretical throughput = 161 patients/week (refer to Appendix-B). So, new throughput = (137/161)*180 = 153 patients/week. Therefore, additional patients per week = 153 – 137 = 16 Additional patients per year = 16*50 = 800 Additional revenue = 800*(450+75*0. 20) = $372,000 Total cost = $124,250 Therefore, Net increase in profit = $372,000 $124,250 = $247,750 for no additional investment. Demerits of this alternate action: * Require to schedule 23-25 operations on Saturday. * Six surgeons and a supervising surgeon have to work on Saturdays. * Additional other personnel (an anesthetic, nurses). * Violates the implied contract that Shouldice has with its surgeons, strong opposition by the senior doctors. * Operating close to the theoretical capacity of the facility. Merits of this alternate action: * No investment is needed. * Can still maintain quality service. Appendix-D Increasing the number of bed by 50% Current number of beds: 89 Add in a new floor (expand the capacity by 50%) at the cost of $2 million: 45 beds Total beds = 89+45 = 134 Total number of patents per week = 210 Current throughput = 137 operations/week (refer to Appendix-B). Theoretical throughput = 161 patients/week (refer to Appendix-B). So, new throughput = (137/161)*210 = 179 patients/week. Therefore, additional patients per week = 179 – 137 = 42 Additional patients per year = 42*50 = 2100 Additional revenue = 2100*(450+75*0. 20) = $ 976,500 Total cost = $176,500 Profit = $ 976,500 $176,500 = $ 800,000 Therefore, Return on investment (ROI) = $800,000/$2,000,000 = 40% Demerits of this alternate action: * Require to schedule doctors to the full capacity of five days per week * Increase work load on admissions, kitchen, laundry, housekeeping and accounting * Further staggering of meal hours for patients (100 seat dining room) * Disruption during construction. * Expensive Merits of this alternate action: * Easy to control and maintain quality * Retain the culture and environment Addition of 45 beds: Check-in day| Bed Required| | Monday| Tuesday| Wednesday| Thursday| Friday| Saturday| Sunday| Monday| 42| 42| 42| 0| 0| 0| 0| Tuesday| 0| 42| 42| 42| 0| 0| 0| Wednesday| 0| 0| 42| 42| 42| 0| 0| Thursday| 0| 0| 0| 42| 42| 42| 0| Friday| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| Saturday| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| Sunday| 42| 42| 0| 0| 0| 0| 42| | | | | | | | | Total Number in Hospital| 84| 126| 126| 126| 84| 42| 42| Total number of patients per week| 210| Appendix-E. Meeting the unmet market demand with external demand – Establish a new facility Merits of establishing a new facility: * New location close to current setup, say a major city (New York) in USA * Improve its competitive position and increase its profits * Operate in a less restrictive environment * New Opportunities for existing personnel * Transfer of knowledge and expertise to the new facility. Demerits of establishing a new facility: * Requires a significant investment and time * Difficult to maintain Quality control * Difficult to create the same culture and atmosphere * Potential competition with the existing facility.

Green Building and Sustainable construction Essay

Green Building and Sustainable construction - Essay Example Some of the methods used to address the environmental sustainability of a structure involve recycle and reuse of materials, ensuring the building uses renewable energy source or employs energy and water saving methods. Besides the accessibility of the building, can make be used to gauge whether the building is environmental friendly? Buildings, which are far away from transport network, can be considered less environmental friendly. Sustainable construction involves use of environmental friendly materials for construction. Use of wood from trees, which have been certified by the United States Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is one way of promoting sustainable construction. FSC ensures the trees which are used for construction purpose are replaced and the existing biodiversity is not affected by cutting down of a particular tree. Sustainable construction also involves the use of renewable materials which can be recycled or reused. While promoting sustainable construction additional materials, which may not be renewable in nature, are used. The purpose of using such materials is to improve the overall performance of the building. A good example is use of plastic to insulate buildings; here plastic is used because of its availability and energy saving nature. Use of locally available materials is an economical way of saving on cost and reducing pollution of the environment. Transporting materials from another place would require use of means e.g. trains; heavy trucks which would definitely pollute the environment. When a building use available energy effectively, it is economically and environmentally sustainable. Measures to ensure such state is achieved included use of insulate which prevents loss of heat, use of glass windows on most part of the building to promote natural light penetration thus save on lighting and heating. Ensuring the lighting and appliances within the building are