Psychology - Consciousness Essay Example for Free

Psychology Consciousness Essay Education in its general sense is a form of learning in which the knowledge, skills, and habits of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training, or research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of others, but may also be autodidactic. [1] Any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational. the word education is derived from the Latin educatio (A breeding, a bringing up, a rearing) from educo (I educate, I train) which is related to the homonym educo (I lead forth, I take out; I raise up, I erect) from e- (from, out of) and duco (I lead, I conduct). PSYCHOLOGY It is the study of Psyche. Psyche it mean mind or soul as it appear in human. It is the totality of the human mind, conscious, and unconscious. The basic meaning of the Greek word psyche was life in the sense of breath, formed from the verb psyche derived meanings included spirit, soul, ghost, and ultimately self in the sense of conscious personality or psyche I AM GROWING AS PERSON Like all children, when I was growing up all I ever wanted to do was to be big. I always kept a close eye on my role models (my parents) and always tried to do anything they did. The skills I learn and the attitude I acquired from a young age would be of immense help to me in my later years. From the age of five, the memories I have are those of following my father around the yard watching feeding animals. My father would sometimes give me a small jar / container that I could help him feed the animal and although the job I did was insignificant and most likely not done properly, i always got a sense of pride and satisfaction in my work. In my teenage years my role around the house had changed. My father was no longer around and my mother had the pressure of providing for my younger brother and myself. During school holidays I was responsible for looking after my brother and keeping the amused at the same time, not an easy task at all. During this time I had also managed to get casual employment. Although the money I earn was not significant but it was enough for me to pay for my hobbies and ease some pressure off my mother. Now as an adult I have a steady job. I have never seen myself as a victim from anyone because all the good and bad experiences of my younger years it have helped me become a successful and determined person. The support that I received and continue to receive from my family was also a major drive for me to want to succeed as well. I think that everyones life is always full of good and bad experiences. The key is to appreciate the good and find a way of turning a negative situation into a positive. For example, when my father was no longer around it could have been seen to be a negative situation. However, learning to look after my brother and earning a little pocket money was perhaps the best and most useful experiences I had. In humans, growing up can be physical, emotional, spiritual, and psychological. This means that a person becomes more mature as a result of changes in behavior, actions and thoughts that are experienced in the process of growing up. An individual’s character and personality are seen as very vital as they grow up. While growing up, there are many challenges that a person may come across, and the opportunities to become a good person are always there. Due to our uniqueness, we tend to express our beliefs, convictions, and thoughts differently. One very important attribute in relation to growing up is the physical development. Though physical development may not necessarily translate in to growing up, growing up is closely related to physical maturity. An individual is considered to grow up when they display good character and responsible behavior. The process of growing up is always accompanied by a certain level of transformation in an individual, where transformation either makes one a better person or a bad person. At some stage in our lives, we are expected to be changed through the process of growing up. The expectations of the others from us assist in cultivating our actions and behavior that show that we are grown up or we are growing up. An individual who practice self control and display good behavior is a good example of a person who is growing up. These attributes define a grown up person and if a person displays these attributes, the person can be said to be growing up towards the right direction. Discipline is very essential in achieving human fulfillment . Since a person who is growing up seeks this fulfillment, there is no doubt that the only way a person can achieve fulfillment is through discipline.

Water Conservation Essay Example for Free

Water Conservation Essay How Important is Water?As we all know, water is essential for mankinds survival. However, people seem to believe that our water supply is endless since there is more water than land on this Earth. Water regenerates and is redistributed through evaporation, making it seem endlessly renewable. So why worry?Actually, only one percent of the worlds water has the capability of being used by us. About ninety-seven percent is salty seawater, and two percent is frozen in glaciers and polar ice caps. That only leaves one percent of the precious water that is to be used by not only people, but used by animals, plants, and food. Dehydration, which is the lack of water, will kill us faster than starvation, which is the lack of food. Since the plants and animals we eat also depend on water, lack of it could cause both dehydration and starvation. Water that looks drinkable can contain harmful elements, which could cause illness and death if ingested (Kreger, 2004). To further deplete our water scarce supply, natural disasters, such as floods, earthquakes, and tornadoes, pose a great peril. However, one natural disaster stands above the rest. This natural disaster is called a drought. Drought, in my opinion, is the worst natural disaster of all. It not only affects us with a dry weather and uncomfortable heat waves, it also affects agriculture, and even drastically change the way we live about (Kreger, 2004). That is why I, as a concerned Californian and fellow inhabitant of Earth, urge people today to conserve water to combat the evils of drought. We, as people, must think of not only how this will affect us. But how it will affect our children- and even grandchildren. I would not like to merely ask people to conserve water; I would like to enforce them to do so. Without water conservation, our limited water supply will diminish over time. What is a Drought?Drought, like a destructing earthquake or flood, is a natural disaster. Drought is an insidious hazard to nature. It results from a deficiency of precipitation over a long period of time over an area. Precipitation is any kind of moisture like rain, snow, and sleet. One can determine how malicious a drought can be by the amount of precipitation, and how long it is (Rupert, 2006). What Are the Causes of Drought?Although the main reason a drought occurs is the lack of precipitation, it is also caused by other factors. High pressure is one of the main contributors of drought. Although a high-pressure system brings clear, cool weather, if the high-pressure system continues for a long period of time, this will eventually lead to a drought (Wikipedia, 2007). Another factor that contributes to the causes of drought is the lack of oceanic air mass. Most dry land is given a nice breeze of water by oceanic winds. However, if these winds are not strong enough to get the evaporated water to the dry lands, these lands will lack the moisture they desperately need (Wikipedia, 2007). Deforestation is known to be the destruction of forests and woodlands. It is also one of the causes that lead up to drought. Deforestation increases the risk of drought by taking all of the groundwater from soil, which they heavily depend on to stay healthy (Collins, 2001). What Are the Effects of a Drought?Most people believe that a drought is not as bad as a hurricane or a tsunami. That is correct. A drought is much more worst than any of those! A drought not only affects the specific regions ecosystem, it impacts the individuals living in the area of and the people living across the country just the same. Drought produces a large number of impacts that affects the social, environmental, and economical way we live our lives. Its affects spread far beyond the effects of the drought alone. Water is essential to produce goods and provide certain services. Some direct impacts of drought are: reduced crop, rangeland, and forest productivity, reduced water levees, increased fire hazard, increased livestock and wildlife deaths, and damage to wildlife and fish habitat. These impacts produce a domino effect. For example, a reduction in crop productivity usually results in less income for farmers, increased prices for food, unemployment, and migration (Think Quest, 2004). Farmers are not the only ones who suffer from droughts. Businessmen who  provide goods and services to farmers must deal with reduced business. This later leads to unemployment and loss of money for the government. The recreational and tourism industries are also affected because tourists do not want to travel to a country that is suffering from a severe water shortage. The shortage of water may lead to the shortage of certain goods results in the costly importation of necessary goods from outside the affected area (Think Quest, 2004). Environmental losses are caused by damages to plant and animal species. Wildlife habitat, and air and water quality are usually damaged due to a lack of water and an increase in forest and range fires. For example, wildlife habitat may be ruined through the loss of wetlands, lakes, and vegetation. Some species of animals may be wiped out from the area as well (Think Quest, 2004). Another way drought can affect people is socially. When a precious commodity like water is in short supply due to drought, and the lack of water creates a lack of food, people will compete to secure enough water to survive. Faced with the other impacts of drought, many people will flee a drought-stricken area in search of a new home with a better supply of water, enough food, and without the disease and conflict that were present in the place they are leaving (West, 2007). Droughts: Three Stages of DangerThere are three different stages of drought in which they are ordered. The first of the stages is meteorological drought. This is brought when there is lack of precipitation. The second stage is the agricultural drought, which are droughts that may affect crop production and farms. This stage is also brought on by the lack of precipitation. The final stage of drought is the hydrological drought. This drought is the most critical because it begins to affect our water reservoirs. The final stage is not only dangerous for the impact on our water reservoirs, but because it may lead so social and economic unrest (Wikipedia, 2007). A meteorological drought is usually known on the degree of dryness and the  duration of the dry period. Definitions of meteorological drought are varied since precipitation levels vary from place to place. The definition of a meteorological drought in Brazil is different from a meteorological drought in Los Angeles because it hardly ever rains in Los Angeles. A meteorological drought also depends on the regions climate pattern. Other climatic regimes are characterized by a seasonal rainfall pattern, such as the central United States, northern Australia, and West Africa (National Drought Mitigation Center, 2006). The second stage of drought, agricultural drought, links various characteristics of meteorological drought to agricultural impacts. These impacts include: lack of precipitation, and reduced ground water. Plants depend water from specific weather conditions. The water these plants and crops all lack would lead to soil inadequacy. If this occurs, malnutrition, and famine would thrive because crop production would decrease. This not only affects the consumers- us- but it also affects our economy (National Drought Mitigation Center, 2006). If a drought continues long enough, it might become a hydrological drought. This is caused by the lack of precipitation in water supplies. During a hydrological drought, the scarcity of water may lead to potential feuds over what little water is left and restrictions might be put on peoples water usage. It takes longer for lack precipitation to show up in components stream flow, ground water, and reservoir levels. Changes in land, like deforestation, and construction of dams, change the hydrological characteristics of a river basin (National Drought Mitigation Center, 2006). The Dust BowlDuring the 1930s, a series of droughts plagued the Great Plains. However, the Dust Bowl was not named after a drought. It was named for what it did. Poor agricultural practices and years of sustained drought caused the Dust Bowl. Plains grasslands had been deeply plowed and planted to wheat. During the years when there was adequate rainfall, the land produced bountiful crops. But as the droughts of the early 1930s deepened, the farmers kept plowing and planting and nothing would grow. The ground cover that held the soil in place was gone. The Plains winds whipped across  the fields raising billowing clouds of dust to the skies. The skies could darken for days, and even the most well sealed homes could have a thick layer of dust on furniture. In some places the dust would drift like snow, covering farms. With the farmers lands destroyed and homes seized in foreclosure, many farm families were forced to leave (Rutherford, 1998). Dust storms carried millions of tons of dirt from one location to the next. Those caught in the middle of dust storms were left with either damaged lungs or death due to inhalation of dust in the air they were breathing and polluted water they were drinking. High-speed winds pushed grains of dust into things such as farm equipment, barns, and homes. Cars were damaged beyond repair because of sand and dust clogging up vital parts of the engine. The largest migration of American history was during this period. Over 2.5 million people left the Dust Bowl area headed west for California (Rutherford, 1998). The Dust Bowl not only affect agriculture, it also had an impact on the economy. The economy in the 1930s was only hindered, if not worsened, by the Dust Bowl. Farmers were already in deep trouble for overproduction, but the Dust Bowl made it even harder too sell their crops because they were underground. They could not sell their crops, hence, they could not pay their banks to keep their homes or even make profit (Rutherford, 1998). Responding to a Cry for HelpThe Dust Bowl was basically an ultimate example of what could happen to an area when the climate was misunderstood, and poor farming practices were used. However, people became more aware out of this experience. Many preventative measures were taken to ensure that something of this magnitude would not occur again. These measures have consisted of everything from finding new water sources to taking better care of the soil to controlling the amount of topsoil blown away by the wind (Thompson, 1998, 297-299). After it was discovered that the certain areas of the Great Plains did not receive as much rain as first thought, the farmers looked somewhere else for a source of water. Irrigation soon became an important means of providing  water for the crops. The main source of irrigation for the Great Plains is the Ogallala Aquifer. The Ogallala Aquifer had been there all the time, but before the Twentieth Century the farmers lacked the technology to make use of it. Eventually they were able to dig wells deep enough. The first well was dug in 1911, and was less than 50 feet deep. However, the pump was invented which allowed for deeper wells, and greater flows of water. Eventually a form of irrigation called center pivot irrigation was developed. The idea was that the water was pumped out of the ground at one point in the middle of the field, and distributed by a sprinkler system that pivoted around the center point (Thompson, 1998, 297-299). Shortly after the Dust Bowl had an impact on the nation as a whole, the government, under President Roosevelt, began to initiate a serious of measures aimed to cure the damages caused by the Dust Bowl. These programs also became part of his New Deal initiative. One of the most famous projects started as a response to the Dust Bowl was the Tennessee Valley Authority, or the TVA. Like the most areas surrounding the Dust Bowl affected areas, the Tennessee Valley was hard hit by the sudden drought. The Tennessee Valley Authority was viewed as an opportunity to take natural resources to promote social and agricultural change. The TVA hired workers to construct multi-purpose dams, improve channels, teach soil conservation, and take on watershed reforestation project. The dams constructed by the TVA provided poor farmers and civilians with cheap electricity, flood control, and improved navigation of channels and rivers (Thompson, 1998, 297-299). The Dust Bowl taught farmers new farming methods and techniques. The 1930s fostered a new era of soil conservation. Perhaps the most valuable lesson learned form the Dust Bowl take care of the land. Droughts and winds still cause many problems, but most are averted and minimized with proper soil conservation. But one must ask themselves one question, will history repeat itself?Drought: TodayLos Angeles is currently in a dilemma. It is experiencing its very own drought. Since July 2006, downtown Los Angeles has received less than four inches of rain. This summer is expected to be hotter  than last summer, which killed about one- hundred people last year from intense heat waves. This years drought is the driest in over 130 yeas in bookkeeping, which is worst than the drought that occurred in the 1970s (Becerra, 2007). However, we have learned, from the past, absolutely nothing. People who live actually use even more water than they did before they were told to try not use as much. The Department of Water and Power does not enforce its regulations that forbid watering of lawns during the day and no running car- washing hoses. Now, instead of a fine, the DWP send a violator a letter asking them politely to consider conserving water in the future. Recently, the mayor has asked us- Angelinians- to conserve water. That should help the problem (Morrison, 2007). That is why it is up to us to save our planet from the depletion of our remaining water sources- not the states. Ways to Conserve WaterThe most important step in water conservation is that people must realize that they are in a crisis that demands the conservation of water. Without this, people will not have any incentive to conserve water because they would believe that it is trivial to do so. There are many ways to conserve water today because of our technological advances. Desalination of ocean water is one of the most common ways to conserve water. This method uses machines to purify and filter out any excess of salt and minerals to the point in which it is safe to drink. Like recycled water, this too can e used to feed livestock and used in irrigation techniques. This technique can also be used to produce a common household item- table salt (Wikipedia, 2007). One easy way water is conserved is by harvesting rain. Even though it hardly rains in California, whatever little rain we capture may serve to feed livestock, irrigation, and provide for portable water supplies. Harvesting rainfall also prevents high water bills, and may render the building of reservoirs useless, which take up a lot of land (Wikipedia, 2007). Some methods used to conserve water can sometimes be deemed controversial. A  controversial way of water conservation is recycling water. Recycling water refers to the process of purifying wastewater from sewage places. Recycled water has many uses, which include the drinking of purified wastewater if it is clean enough. If it is not used for drinking, then it is used for irrigation, which promotes better plant fertilization, watering lawns, and even filling fountains with it. The recycled water is sometimes dumped into lakes, and ponds to replenish them with their loss water. With the increase in demands for more water, some places use purified water to drink and use for their everyday necessities (Wikipedia, 2007). What Should WE Do to Conserve WaterMany people have a common misconception about water conservation. They believe that conserving water will actually COST them money. In reality, conserving water may SAVE them money. People can actually conserve water without actually knowing it. For example, shade trees can store gallons of water, which reduces the amount of water needed to use on them. They also hold water in their roots, which serve to distribute water throughout the lawn. The shade provided by these trees not only protects people from the sun, but the lawn it is on. This reduces the amount of water that is used to water it because the lawn does not get heated; hence, there is no need for watering of the lawn (University of Nebraska, 2003). Other ways we can conserve water without going out of our everyday lives is from our homes. By fixing leaking pipes one can save up about twenty gallons of water a day and save one a hassle in water utility bills. Installing low- flow showerheads save up to 500 gallons a month, which is also helped by taking shorter showers. Using a broom instead of a hose to clean ones driveway is another way of conserving water. When watering their lawn, people can avoid doing it when it is hot, like the afternoon, and water them during the morning. Washing a car on top of a lawn is a smart way to wash a car because run-on water is used to water the lawn while washing the car at the same time. During the summer, it can get hot. When filling a pool with water, place a cover over the pool once one is done using it to avoid evaporation of the water in it (University of Nebraska, 2003). As one can tell, water conservation does save more money. The environment is not the only thing that benefits from conserving water, if anything; we are the ones who will thrive from it. Benjamin Franklin once said, When the well is dry, we know the worth of water (University of Nebraska, 2003). If we do not start to conserve water know, we will learn to appreciate water- the hard way. Conclusion Many people take abundance of water for granted and only in its absence do we realize just how important it is to every living thing on the planet. During a drought, it is very important that everyone does his or her best to conserve water. Of course, it shouldnt take a drought to make people conserve water. Water is such an important resource and water conservation should be practiced every day of our lives. Water conservation consists of eliminating wasteful practices of water use, such as allowing a faucet to drip, toilets to leak, or taking baths instead of showers. Without water conservation, chaos and even war may erupt from feuds over water use and rights (Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, 2003, 10-11). Work Cited Becerra, Hector. L.A. urges conserving water in dry spell. Los Angeles Times. June 7,2007. Collins, Jocelyn. Deforestation. Enviro Facts. February 1, 2001. June 8, 2007. . Developing Principles for an International Water Treaty. Water Politics. 2003. Pages10-11. Drought. Think Quest. September 23, 2004. June 6, 2007. . Drought. Wikipedia. June 4, 2007. June 7, 2007. . Kreger, Chris. Importance of Water. Exploring the Environment. 2004. June 10, 2007. . Make Every Drop Count. University of Nebraska. 2005. June 12, 2007. . Morrison, Patt. Drought, the sequel, is here. Los Angeles Times. May 17, 2007. Rutherford, Chad. The Dust Bowl. Lake Hamilton. 2004. June 5, 2007. . Rupert, Clarke. What is Drought. State of New Jersey. June 28, 2006. June 11, 2007. . Thomson, Stephen. Water Use, Management, and Planning in the United States.Elsevier. 1998. Pages 297-299. Water Conservation. Wikipedia. June 11, 2007. June 12, 2007. . What is Drought. National Drought Mitigation Center. 2006. June 10, 2007. . West, Larry. What are the Effects of Drought. About, Inc.. 2007. June 4 2007. .

Therapeutic Horseback Riding

Therapeutic Horseback Riding Running Head: THERAPEUTIC HORSEBACK RIDING Abstract Therapeutic horseback riding is very beneficial for a rider of any age and had been used as a way of improving the health and physically good state of a person with a handicap or disability. Therapeutic horseback riding is a good way of teaching a kid with disabilities how to react and grow while working with horses. Horses have an uncanny way of communicating with a person and knowing how to work with them to benefit them no matter how long they have known the person. Many miracles have happened with people who were disabled and told they couldnt do something but with some work are able to now. I have heard many success stories in the news and in the paper about people getting into accidents or becoming unable to move and after many years of hard work on horseback they are able to take their first step again! Therapeutic Horseback Riding Eleven years ago, Henry Boersmas stroke left him not only paralyzed on his left side, but without the self-confidence he once had in his career as a regional industrial representative. It took a move to Ocala and volunteering with MTRA Marion Therapeutic Riding Association) to not only find his self-esteem again, but also regain his physical strength-on the back of a horse. When Henry, now 64, heard someone from the Marion Therapeutic Riding Association speak at a meeting of a local stroke club about five years ago, Henry decided to give it a try, even though he had never been on a horse in his life. â€Å"The first time I was on a horse, I was really sore the next day! Now I ride once a week, and volunteer 5 days a week. I feed the horses, clean their hooves, and even help clean the fields and carry the manure! I go home tired, but it feels good. This is such a great program. Two years ago Henry won the Exceptional Challenge Cup at the National United Professional Horseman Associat ion competition in Kansas City. He won third overall too. (Marion, 2007) Therapeutic horseback riding can help people in many ways and can be traced throughout the ages. There is documentation of individuals exploring the different therapeutic ways of horsemanship as far back as 600 B.C. The first study actually documented can be traced back to 1875 where Cassaign, a doctor, prescribed horseback riding his patients and believed that riding would and did benefit the patient. There were many patients with all different issues like; neurological disorders, joint pain, people being told they will never walk again, and people with balance issues. A hospital in England called Oxford tells their patients or injured soldiers from World War I to ride. (Marion, 2007) Due to the unique bond formed between human and animal. Many people throughout the ages have realized the importance of riding for people with disorders of all kinds. History According to the Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association, therapeutic riding is mostly attributed to Lis Hartel. She was stuck in wheelchair and even though she could barley walk she was very determined to keep riding despite her disability. Hartel was stricken with polio in 1940 and that illness made her limited to how much she could move. Even though she was limited in her mobility she still rode all the time and due to that she was successful in rehabilitating herself through horseback riding. She was so successful that she went and won two Olympic silver medals for Grand Prix Dressage in 1952 and 1956. This caught the attention of therapists, and doctors and Hartel paired with a physical therapist and together started one of the first. (ORourke, 2004) Therapeutic Riding According to All and Loving (1999) therapeutic horseback riding, which can also be called equine-assisted is an emerging activity used for a person with a range of mental, physical, social or emotional needs and who need special attention to survive in life. This kind of riding is greatly beneficial for the rider as a way of improving health and a well being of people with handicaps and disabilities. There are two services in therapeutic riding equine assisted activities and equine assisted therapy. Equine assisted activities are activities with the horses provided by trained professionals, but more focusing on recreational, leisure, sport or education some examples are therapeutic riding, driving or equine facilitated learning. All these activities are guided by an educational or learning model and skills are taught to riders and students. (Bieber N. 1996) Equine Assisted Activities- Therapeutic riding is usually most effective in children because they are learning from the horse mental and social development. These activities produce many improvements and many success stories in riders of all ages. Some activities they do on horse back are identifying shapes, colors, numbers, letters, and pictures and also playing games to help the kids function while working a horse but also improving on their flexibility, balance, posture, breathing, and verbal abilities. There are hundreds of programs around the world as well as many organizations that work with the various forms of therapeutic riding including hippo therapy which is a treatment strategy used by occupational, physical and speech therapists and use the horse as a therapeutic tool. The movement of the horse is helps by influencing neuromuscular changes in the patient. Psychotherapy- There is psychotherapy which is used by a mental health professional and uses the horse not as a tool but in different ways for a therapeutic benefit. Horses often provide the best therapy for patients because they do not have to suffer from the unreliability of a person. (Warner Saleh, 2007). Horses are honest, which forces the patient to become responsible for their actions. Patients who refuse to admit to their responsibilities encounter many difficulties in working with a horse. Once a patient begins to admit their mistakes and search for ways to fix them, then they are naturally rewarded by the horse being more intuitive to their actions. Equine Assisted Therapy- The other service is Equine Assisted Therapy; these services are taught by licensed medical professional. To be a professional in this kind of program they have to go through proper training, education and state license appropriate to their practice. Examples of this practice are hippo therapy and equine assisted psychotherapy. How they use the horses to help treat the patients is by utilizing the horses movement to meet the patients goal based on what their disability is. But these horses help the patients not only with acquiring a relationship with the animal and learning to care for the animal but riding a horse provides a often profound and unique activity for many people. The motion of the horse, the concentration it takes to learn how to ride and the communication between their instructor and rider allow the patient to benefit from riding even with a disability and is a fun kind of therapy. This therapy has many benefits because when horseback riding gently and rhythmically mov es the riders body so similar to a humans gait that patients with physical disabilities show improvement in flexibility, balance and muscle strength. But with patients who have a more mental or emotional disability the relationship the patients have with the horse can lead to an more confident person with more self esteem than when first started. (Bieber N. 1996) Who Can Benefit? Physically Disabled- Some advantages of therapeutic riding are; physically therapeutic riding can be beneficial to many people with special needs. Riding is a physical activity and people who are mentally disabled benefit from it with an improvement of physical tasks, balance, muscle strength, flexibility, joint movement, and posture. Some physical disabilities that this helps with is muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, amputation, paralysis, spinal bifida, downs syndrome, etc. (Beiber, 1996) Balance and Posture- Horseback riding requires balance and posture for any rider. Patients lacking good balance and posture get a lot of work on it when riding from the very moment they hop on the back of a horse. The movement from the horse causes the rider to strengthen its core muscles and the movement works on both sides of the rider helping with the position. The connection between riders is the most important element in building a patient up to improve in different areas.(Beiber, 1996) Strength and Flexibility- The movement of a horse requires good strength and flexibility, the muscle regions that are used the most when riding are the back, buttocks, legs, ankles, knees and hips. Riding can also benefit smaller muscles and joints throughout the body in an activity or exercise. This exercise helps riders with low muscles tone and loose flexibility and helps strengthen and tighten the muscles. But it also works in reverse ways also and people with high muscle tone work on relaxing the muscle and moving with the gait of the horse.(Beiber, 1996) Mentally Disabled- People with sensory and cognitive disabilities can be helped on horseback also. Some examples of disabilities that can get help are: mental retardation, autism, brain damage, down syndrome, developmental disorders, ADD/ADHD, dyslexia, learning disabilities, etc. When riding you have to be very attentive and reason skills but also remember things that you have learned as halting, going, trotting, ect. Due to riding building knowledge as time progresses, simple tasks grow into complex skills that can help provide the rider with intellectual stimulation. Riding involves a lot of information in a small amount of time and in a lesson a rider is asked to interpret sensory information they are learning from the horse, instructor, and environment around them.(Sterba J 2007) The rider has to gain and learn all this information that is appropriate for learning riding skills. The motion, feel, smell, sound and sight of a horse is a lot to absorb especially for a mentally disabled person. Even t hough the instructors take it slow and let the student process this information. According to the North American Riding for Handicapped Association (NAHRA, 2002) â€Å"Riding is both relaxing and demanding for students of all cognitive abilities, depending on the focus of the lesson.† Why horses are therapeutic If you have ever looked at a small childs drawing or play toys they have always drawn horses or played with horses even if they have never seen or ridden one. When watching a horse movie you are always cheering or gasping when a horse is running onto the screen or racing in a big derby like Seabiscut . Many children loved that movie or Black Beauty and watched them over and over, playing with toy horses, or having a rocker to ride. I know my niece does and she is only two years old and has never seen a horse, but she rides her rocking horses every day. A horses special power A horse holds a special power that people of all ages will never out grow. No matter if you love or hate horses, if you see a beautiful horse you gasp and love it but then if you see an emaciated, almost dead horse your heart goes out to it. A simple picture of a horse can emotionally move us and interacting with one can strengthen someone who needs it. Horses do have natural healing powers and, if you have ever been around a horse and actually spent some alone time with them it can make you grow so fond of that horse and make you feel like the most amazing person possible. They love to cuddle. They are always curious and can put a smile on any face. So when someone with a mental or physical disorder comes with them, it help the person grow from the inside out and starting with the heart. If you show love to a horse they will show as much love as they can give to you. If you get mad at a horse and they realize they have done bad they will come up to you and try and kiss you and make up to like a dogs does. Those little things a horse does really shows to someone who has trouble mentally because it shows they do care. When interacting with a horse it immediately challenges issues of fear and confidence and horses are very responsive to human emotion and actions. Horses will sense and respond to a students negative emotions and behaviors. If you are frustrated on a horse the horse will sense that and become frustrated also. This shows a person that they need to recognize the effects of their emotions while riding and put all that aside.(Loving 1999) Advantage of Riding One advantage is a horse will never lie to you. Horses will truthfully tell you how it is and never hide emotions. Horses also do not respond nicely to bullying or aggressive behavior, a horse will kick or bite you and never hesitates to tell you â€Å"how it is.† To be able to work correctly with a horse a person needs to be aware of their methods of communication and be able to solve any problems that may come upon them when riding so they get positive responses from the horse. (Loving, 1999) Another positive thing is horses will not judge you they will react simply to what is or has happened or how they feel. People soon learn that the â€Å"labels† that are constantly used in todays society dont apply. They can â€Å"tell it to the horse—he doesnt care† Because of this people who are in therapy are able to learn to truly be themselves and enjoy for the first time in their lives! (Loving 1999) Individuals with emotional, social and mental disabilities benefit in many ways with therapeutic horseback riding. A study found that patients experience increased confidence and improved self-concept and with these activities it helps in a patients social skill. Horses also can help a person feel in control because you are telling the horse to do something and they will do it. A person also improves in communication due to learning how to care for and ride a horse, the patient has to be able to communicate with the horse and the instructor. Riding is a very social activity. Riding helps empower people and enables them to connect on a personal level. Also the unpredictable nature of animals and situations also creates a real-life environment in which the patient will be able to confront fears and make adjustments to situation that can be beyond their control. (Warner C Saleh S 2007) Skills you need to teach Some skills you will need to have to become an instructor or do therapy with the kids on horseback is: You are going to need a lot of patience and consideration to the kids, they do not understand everything going on and it is usually a new environment for them. If you are doing therapy with the kids you need the proper education as a four year college and proper physical therapy degree also. When coaching or instructing you are going to need a degree in an equine program for example equine industries management, so you know how to work with a horse and control a horse if it may go out of control. Other things that will be useful to have is being a happy person and not a grouchy person. A student does not want a grumpy teacher when they are trying to do something but a person who is happy and always cheering them on and helping them achieve the goals they have set for. You really need to have a positive attitude about everything so it is easier on you and the student but also be able to communicate well and if worse comes to worse have a plan B if plan A falls through. You want to be able to make the therapy lessons fun and enjoyable for the students also so they want to come back and enjoy what they are doing. This horse program is an integral part of any ranch and therefore are required to attend sessions at the barn regularly. When you first appear at the ranch you start working with a horse learning the safety, care, feeding, grooming, and as well the basic behavior and herd interaction of a horse. You participate in horse classes with a team of trainers two times a week for an hour and a half each time. Very few students who approach a ranch proclaim they hate horses and want nothing to do with them which is mostly a fear factor. But usually by the time they are done with their program they loves horses and cant get enough of them. These programs have been found to be very successful with the inexperienced as you are able to have a fresh start with them and easily shape the nature of their experience. In conclusion I have found out with a lot of the research I have been doing that when riding a horse you can really grow and become able to do things that you were not able before as; walking, making friends, and the daily chores a person must do. When riding a horse you also form a bond with the horse and learn how to work with such a big animal and you really can grow from the experience and develop better physical, mental and sociological skills that you could not learn before. Therapeutic horse back riding has many benefits and can help people achieve their dreams as it has already done for many others. Therapeutic horseback riding can be a very rewarding experience for the student and the teacher if you put the time and effort in it. Many people say that it is dangerous and students can get hurt but a professional will not put a kid on a high spirited horse all the horses they use are dead broke and are specially trained for this type of work. They are used to high pitched noise s and mentally disabled kids. For these horses this is not their first rodeo.

The Importance of Training in Todays Human Resource World :: Business Management

Training â€Å"is a learning process that involves that acquisition of knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary to successfully perform a job.†(9thHRM) Training has a long history from past, present and future. Training is a very important aspect in today’s human resource world. In my current position I train new hire employees, as well as go through many training courses. I really enjoy training and am excited to explain the concepts of training from the beginning from what it could be in the future. Training began in early times as simple as adults showing the children how to do things. Learning things such as building a fire, hunting and cooking are just a few of the many things children were trained how to do from the adults. â€Å"Excellence is an art won by training and habituation. We do not act rightly because we have virtue or excellence, but we rather have those because we have acted rightly. We are what repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act but a habit.†(Aristotle) As far back at 300 BC Socrates â€Å"engaged his learners by asking questions†. (GP) Training in 2000 BC came into apprenticeships with scribes in Egypt. An â€Å"apprenticeship is a system of training a new generation of practitioners of a skill.† (WK) In the middle age training became more complicated with knowledge and skill becoming more complex. In the complexity of the time children were sent to artisans who taught them a special skill and tool for a certain trade. Scholas ticism was began by Pierre Abelard is said to be â€Å"one of the forerunners of learner-based instruction in which the learners use different methods to judge and come to a real meaning of the evidence.†(S) Then in the 1800s came vestibule training which in other words in near the job training. Vestibule training is a combination of classroom training and on the job training. Vestibule training I find very fascinating for it is a laid out example of how your job situation will be. Vestibule training then does not interfere with current production at the factory. In 1910 became the start of role playing. In the company I currently work for our training department strongly believes in role playing. Role playing is â€Å"a technique used in the learning process to provide participation and involvement in the learning process.†(RP) Role playing is a great way to learn â€Å"diagnose interactive skills, to provide models and practice, and to motivate individuals to pay mo re attention to their interpersonal impact.

The Immaturity of Professor Higgins in Pygmalion :: George Bernard Shaw Pygmalion Essays

The Immaturity of Professor Higgins in Pygmalion Professor Higgins is seen throughout Pygmalion as a very rude man. While one may expect a well educated man, such as Higgins, to be a gentleman, he is far from it. Higgins believes that how you treated someone is not important, as long as you treat everyone equally. The great secret, Eliza, is not having bad manners or good manners or any other particular sort of manners, but having the same manner for all human souls: in short, behaving as if you were in Heaven, where there are no third- class carriages, and one soul is as good as another. -Higgins, Act V Pygmalion. Higgins presents this theory to Eliza, in hope of justifying his treatment of her. This theory would be fine IF Higgins himself lived by it. Henry Higgins, however, lives by a variety of variations of this philosophy. It is easily seen how Higgins follows this theory. He is consistently rude towards Eliza, Mrs. Pearce, and his mother. His manner is the same to each of them, in accordance to his philosophy. However the Higgins we see at the parties and in good times with Pickering is well mannered. This apparent discrepancy between Higgins' actions and his word, may not exist, depending on the interpretation of this theory. There are two possible translations of Higgins' philosophy. It can be viewed as treating everyone the same all of the time or treating everyone equally at a particular time. It is obvious that Higgins does not treat everyone equally all of the time, as witnessed by his actions when he is in "one of his states" (as Mrs. Higgins' parlor maid calls it). The Higgins that we see in Mrs. Higgins' parlor is not the same Higgins we see at the parties. When in "the state" Henry Higgins wanders aimlessly around the parlor, irrationally moving from chair to chair, highly unlike the calm Professor Higgins we see at the ball. Higgins does not believe that a person should have the same manner towards everyone all of the time, but that a person should treat everyone equally at a given time (or in a certain situation). When he is in "one of those states" his manner is the

Enron :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Enron Executives at high-flying Enron Corp. (ENE ) never seemed overly concerned with how the rest of the world viewed their business practices. Earlier this year, the California Attorney General had to get a court order to collect documents in an industrywide investigation into energy price fixing. And when an analyst challenged former CEO Jeffrey K. Skilling in a conference call to produce Enron's balance sheet, Skilling called him an "ass----." Still, even some Enron executives worried that the company had gone too far with two complex partnerships set up in 1999 to buy company assets and hedge investments. With Enron's then-chief financial officer acting as general manager of the partnerships and in a position to personally benefit from their investments, the potential for a conflict of interest and backlash from investors seemed overwhelming. "Internally, everybody said this is not a good idea," says a source close to the company. But no one could have predicted such a jaw-dropping outcome for the nation's largest and most innovative energy trader. Since Oct. 16, when Enron revealed a $35 million charge to earnings to reflect losses on those partnerships and was forced to knock $1.2 billion off its shareholders' equity, the company's stock has plunged 60%. The Securities & Exchange Commission is investigating Enron's accounting for its partnerships and whether it properly disclosed them to investors. Suddenly the company, which brought high-tech and complex finance to energy trading, is essentially trying to avoid a run on the bank. Moody's Investors Service has already downgraded the company's debt. Enron says it is meeting with credit agencies to calm their fears, and analysts say Enron is working on a turnaround plan that would likely include accelerating asset sales, issuing shares, and obtaining new credit lines. Enron's board has set up a special committee to look into its controversial partnerships. But analysts also worry that Enron's trading partners could pull the plug if they lose confidence that it can honor its trades. "ON CRACK?" Inside Enron, once-cocky employees are reeling. They were still puzzling over the abrupt Aug. 14 departure of CEO Skilling when the company announced on Oct. 24 that CFO Andrew S. Fastow, architect of the controversial private LJM investments--which got their name from the first initials of his wife and children--was removed from his post and on leave. In a tense meeting held at a Houston hotel after the latest financial disclosures, soft-spoken Chairman and CEO Kenneth L.

Lady Macbeth Letter Essay

I have just finished reading a letter hand written from my husband Macbeth. He has informed me about a mysterious prediction that was made to him by three not mortal beings. The letter tells of how his prediction says he would be King of Scotland, and before this Thane of Cawdor. The foresight that he would be Cawdor was not incorrect – so why not to be king? My wonderful husband could become king and I, Queen of Scotland. Macbeth would be a noble king, far more worthy than Duncan. King Duncan is not fit to be called a man let alone king of a country grand as Scotland. My courageous Macbeth was the reason the war against the barbaric Norwegians was won, not Duncan. The only problem is by the time Duncan’s reign on the throne has ended, when the wretch is dead and buried, I too and Macbeth shall most likely be old and feeble – if not dead ourselves. I must find a way to put an end to Duncan, I cannot risk losing an opportunity as grand as this for Macbeth and myself. Perhaps murder is the only options, I could not commit such a thing myself, I have not the strength nor the willpower but Macbeth? The trouble would be convincing him, Duncan has such high opinions of my love and Macbeth returns the favour equally as well; but he loves me and I am sure I can convince him. Maybe when I show him what this could mean for us and use my feminine charm on him he’ll be convinced. I am not deceiving him, the eventual result is for his benefit, how I miss him so much already, he’s such a wonderful man and would make such a worthy king. I can hardly wait for him to return, it’ll be so wonderful. He was a born ruler, my true love; we shall be King and Queen Macbeth of Scotland. I do not care that ‘God’ chose King Duncan – I will give my husband his crown and we shall rule. Even if I have to call down the evil spirits and take my emotions away, I want to feel like a man and kill him without remorse. I must go now and decide how he shall die, farewell.